#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <sstream>
#include "config.h" //include configuration file that helps in global settings
using namespace std;
std::ostringstream oss;
short samples[600000], MaxAmp=0; //Maximum number of samples we can handle and Maximum amplitude desired for scaling
long double ThresholdZCR, DCshift=0; //Initialize DCShift and Threshold ZCR
double TotalEnergy=0, ThresholdEnergy, NoiseEnergy=0, TotalZCR=0; //TotalZCR is only for first few InitFrames
long start=0, stop=0, framecount, samplecount=0; //start and end marker for speech signal YES or NO
string line, filename;
unsigned short q; //number of coefficients (ai's) that need to be found
long double *R, *c, *E, *k, *alpha;
ifstream InpSpeech;
ofstream ScaledInpSpeech,out,cep;
void durbin()
{
E = new long double[p+1];
k = new long double[p+1];
alpha = new long double[p+1]; // for new alpha values
long double* alp = new long double[p+1]; // for old values
if(R[0]==0)
{
cout << "\nEnergy should not be ZERO\n";
return;
}
E[0]=R[0]; //Initialize E[0] with energy
for(int i=0;i<=p;i++)
{
alpha[i]=0; //initialize all the initial coefficients to 0
alp[i]=0;
}
for(int i=1;i<=p;i++)
{
if(i==1)
k[1]=R[1]/R[0]; //special case when i=1
else //find k(i) for all other remaining values
{
long double sum=0;
for(int j=1;j<=i-1;j++)
{
alp[j]=alpha[j]; // store the old values in alp array
sum+=alp[j]*R[i-j];
}
k[i]=(R[i]-sum)/E[i-1];
}
alpha[i]=k[i]; //assign values to coefficients
for(int j=1;j<=i-1;j++)
alpha[j]=alp[j]-k[i]*alp[i-j]; //update coefficients from previously obtained values
E[i]=(1-k[i]*k[i])*E[i-1]; //update E(i)
}
cout << "\nLPC Coefficient values\n";
for(int i=1;i<=p;i++)
cout << "a" << i << " = " << alpha[i] << "\n";
}
void cepstralcoefficients()
{
unsigned int m,j;
c = new long double[q+1];
c[0]= logl(R[0]); //initial cepstral coefficent computation from energy
for(m=1;m<=p;m++)
{
long double sum=0;
for(j=1;j<=m-1;j++) //calculate the sum from older cepstral coefficents to compute new cepstral coefficients
sum+=j*c[j]*alpha[m-j]/m;
c[m]=alpha[m]+sum; //new cepstral coefficients
}
if(m>p) // for our assignment this never get executed as we assume q=p
{
for(;m<=q;m++)
{
long double sum=0;
for(j=m-p;j<=m-1;j++)
sum+=j*c[j]*alpha[m-j]/m;
c[m]=sum;
}
}
cout << "\nCepstral Coefficient values\n";//write the resuls to file
for(int i=0;i<=q;i++)
{
cep << c[i] << " ";
}
cep << endl;
}
void Coefficients()
{
q=p; // for our assignment we always take q=p
durbin(); //call this function to evaluate durbin algorithm
cepstralcoefficients(); //call method to calculate cepstral coefficients
}
void AutoCorrelation()
{
long N=framesize, ind=0,K,t;
R = new long double[p+1]; //create array of size p+1 for p coefficients
long double *x=new long double[N]; // to store all the samples of a frame
InpSpeech.open("ScaledInpSpeech.txt", ios::in); // open ScaledInpSpeech.txt to read the scaled samples
if (!InpSpeech)
{
cout << "\n**File failed to open**\n\n";
InpSpeech.clear();
}
if (InpSpeech.is_open()) //if file is open then only execute this block
{
cep.open("cep.txt");
if (!cep) //if file is not present pop the error
{
cout << "\n**File failed to open**\n\n";
cep.close();
return;
}
for(K=0;K<framecount;K++) // iterate through all frames
{
if(K < start || K > stop) //ignore the non speech frames
for(int t=0;t<framesize;t++)
{
getline (InpSpeech,line); //read a line at a time
}
else //process the speech frames
{
for(t=0;t<framesize;t++) // read all the sample values into frames
{
getline (InpSpeech,line); //read a line at a time
x[t]=atof(line.c_str());
}
for(ind=0;ind<=p;ind++) //generate p+1 R values to compute cepstral coefficients
{
double square=0;
for(int t=0;t<framesize-ind;t++)
{
square+=x[t]*x[t+ind];
}
R[ind]=square/N;
}
cout << "frame number " << K <<endl;
Coefficients(); //call this function to compute the coefficients
}
}
InpSpeech.close(); // close the file
cep.close();
}
}
int main()
{
long i,j;
oss << recmod << " "<<duration <<" "<<inpw << " " << inpt; //define the string manually, because macro cant expand inside string
system(oss.str().c_str()); //call the system function to read directly from the mic
filename=inpt; //name of the recorded speech text file
InpSpeech.open(filename, ios::in); // open the file to read from it
if (!InpSpeech) //if file is not present pop the error
{
cout << "\n**File failed to open**\n\n";
InpSpeech.clear();
}
out.open("out.txt"); // open the file to write the results
//count the number of samples and frames in the file
if (InpSpeech.is_open()) //if file is open then only execute this block
{
while ( !InpSpeech.eof() ) //read till the end of file is reached
{
getline (InpSpeech,line); //read a line at a time
samplecount+=1; //increment the sample count by 1
if(samplecount > IgnoreSamples + 4) //first 4 lines in text file indiactes type of encoding of the speech,
{
samples[samplecount - (IgnoreSamples + 5)] = (short)atoi(line.c_str()); //5=4+1 4-->indicates encoding, 1-->array index starts with 0
DCshift+=samples[samplecount - (IgnoreSamples + 5)];
if(abs(samples[samplecount - (IgnoreSamples + 5)])>MaxAmp)
MaxAmp=abs(samples[samplecount - (IgnoreSamples + 5)]); //MaxAmp contains the magnitude od the maximum valued(absolute) sample
}
}
InpSpeech.close();
}
samplecount = samplecount - (IgnoreSamples + 4);
framecount = samplecount/framesize;
DCshift=DCshift/samplecount;
out << "Number of Samples = " << samplecount << "\n"; // print the results in out.txt file
out << "Number of frames = " << framecount << "\n";
out << "DC shift needed is " << DCshift << "\n";
out << "Maximum Amplitude = " << MaxAmp << "\n";
cout << "Number of Samples = " << samplecount << "\n"; // print the results on standard output
cout << "Number of frames = " << framecount << "\n";
cout << "DC shift needed is " << DCshift << "\n";
cout << "Maximum Amplitude = " << MaxAmp << "\n";
//Store scaled samples in different file
ScaledInpSpeech.open("ScaledInpSpeech.txt"); // open ScaledInpSpeech.txt to write the scaled sample values
for(i=0;i<samplecount;i++)
ScaledInpSpeech << (samples[i] - DCshift)*Ampscale/MaxAmp << "\n"; // writing the scaled samples to the file ScaledInpSpeech.txt
//for each sample we are applying DC shift then doing amplitude normalization such that maximum sample magnitude is Ampscale
ScaledInpSpeech.close();
//use the scaled samples
//ZCR and Energy calculation
long double AvgZCR[400], AvgEnergy[400];
for(i=0;i<framecount;i++)
{
AvgZCR[i]=0; // Initialize Average ZCR for each frame
AvgEnergy[i]=0; // Initialize Average Energy for each frame
for(j=0;j<framesize-1;j++)
{
if((samples[i*framesize + j]-DCshift)*Ampscale/MaxAmp*((samples[i*framesize + j + 1]-DCshift)*Ampscale*1.0 < 0)) // If two adjacent samples have opposite sign then increment the avergae ZCR by 1
AvgZCR[i]+=1;
AvgEnergy[i]+=1.0*(samples[i*framesize + j]-DCshift)*Ampscale/MaxAmp*(samples[i*framesize + j]-DCshift)*Ampscale/MaxAmp; // energy is calculated as square of amplitude of the sample value
}
//out << "ZCR in "<<i+1<<"th frame is "<< AvgZCR[i] << "\n";
AvgZCR[i]/=framesize;
//out << "Avergae ZCR in\t\t "<<i+1<<"th frame is "<< AvgZCR[i] << "\n";
AvgEnergy[i]+=1.0*(samples[i*framesize + j]-DCshift)*Ampscale/MaxAmp*(samples[i*framesize + j]-DCshift)*Ampscale/MaxAmp; // average energy for all the frames after scaled sample values
//out << "Energy in\t "<<i+1<<"th frame is "<< AvgEnergy[i] << "\n";
AvgEnergy[i]/=framesize; // average energy per frame after scaled sample values
//out << "Average Energy in \t\t\t"<<i+1<<"th frame is "<< AvgEnergy[i] << "\n";
TotalEnergy+=AvgEnergy[i];
}
//calculate noise energy to decide threshold for energy
for(i=0;i<InitFrames;i++)
{
TotalZCR+=AvgZCR[i];
NoiseEnergy+=AvgEnergy[i];
}
ThresholdZCR=TotalZCR/InitFrames;
NoiseEnergy/=InitFrames;
ThresholdZCR*=0.9;
//ThresholdEnergy=TotalEnergy/framecount; //threshold energy is the average of all averaged energies
//ThresholdEnergy*=0.9;
ThresholdEnergy=NoiseEnergy*10;
bool flag=false;
//start and end marker of speech
for(i=0;i<framecount-3;i++)
{
//if(AvgEnergy[i+1]>ThresholdEnergy)
/*speech Activity Detection with start and end framing*/
if(AvgZCR[i+1]<ThresholdZCR || AvgEnergy[i+1]>ThresholdEnergy)
{
if(flag == false && AvgEnergy[i+2]>ThresholdEnergy && AvgEnergy[i+3]>ThresholdEnergy) // starting frame will be identified when the energy crosses threshold value
{
start = i ; //i th frame is the starting frame marker
out << "Starting frame is "<< start+1 <<"th frame and starting sample is "<< (start+1)*framesize <<"\n"; // write starting frame and sample number in out.txt file
out << "Starting time = " << 1.0*(start + 1)*framesize/samplingrate << " seconds\n" ;// writing starting sample time in seconds to out.txt
cout << "Starting frame is "<< start+1 <<"th frame and starting sample is "<< (start+1)*framesize <<"\n"; // write starting frame and sample number on standard output
cout << "Starting time = " << 1.0*(start + 1)*framesize/samplingrate << " seconds\n" ; // writing starting sample time in seconds to standard output
flag = true;
}
}
else if(flag == true && AvgZCR[i] > ThresholdZCR && AvgEnergy[i] < ThresholdEnergy && AvgEnergy[i-1] < ThresholdEnergy && AvgEnergy[i-2] < ThresholdEnergy)// ending frame will be identified when the energy crosses threshold value and AvgZCR is lessthan ThresholdZCR
{
stop = i ;
out << "Ending frame is "<< stop+1 <<"th frame and Ending sample is "<< (stop+1)*framesize<<"\n"; // write ending frame and sample number in out.txt file
out << "Ending time = " << 1.0*(stop + 1)*framesize/samplingrate << " seconds\n" ; // writing ending sample time in seconds to out.txt
cout << "Ending frame is "<< stop+1 <<"th frame and Ending sample is "<< (stop+1)*framesize<<"\n"; // write ending frame and sample number on standard output
cout << "Ending time = " << 1.0*(stop + 1)*framesize/samplingrate << " seconds\n" ; // writing ending sample time in seconds to standard output
flag = false;
break;
}
}
if(start==0 || stop==0) // condition to check for speech activity
{
cout << "No speech Activity" << endl;
system("pause"); //pause to see the output
return 0;
}
double testavgE=0, testavgZ=0;
for(i=start;i<=stop;i++)
{
testavgE+=AvgEnergy[i]; // sum the avergae energy from start to stop frame to compute over all avegare energy.
testavgZ+=AvgZCR[i]; // sum the avergae zcr from start to stop frame to compute over all avegare ZCR.
}
testavgE/=(stop-start+1); // average energy per sample
testavgZ/=(stop-start+1); // average ZCR per sample
out << "Average Energy of the speech signal is "<< testavgE << "\n"; // write average energy to file out.txt
out << "Average ZCR of the speech signal is "<< testavgZ*framesize << " \n"; // write average energy to standard output
cout << "Average Energy of the speech signal is "<< testavgE << "\n"; //write average energy to standard output
cout << "Average ZCR of the speech signal is "<< testavgZ*framesize << " \n"; // write average ZCR to standard output
AutoCorrelation();
//Coefficients(); //call this function to compute the coefficients
cout <<"open cep.txt to see the cepstral coefficients for each frame" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}